Hall of Fame
Stefan Wills
Stefan Wills took Bateson’s levels of learning
and expanded them (1994) into a taxonomy that contained three types
of learning.
| Type 1.
Cerebral Learning |
Learning that occurs as a direct
consequence of absorbing factual information, which has an
immediate relevance but does not have any long-term effect
on the learner’s view of the world or personal identity.Type
1 learning is highly dependent on effective memory retention.
|
| Type 2.
Skills-based Behavioural Learning |
Learning that occurs as a result
of building on the absorption of factual information, so that
behaviour changes and becomes transferable from the present
situation to another. The learner therefore changes their
conception about a particular aspect of their world in general,
although it remains situation-specific. Type 2 learning therefore
results in concrete but superficial and situation-specific
behaviour changes.
|
| Type 3.
Transformational Learning |
Learning that occurs when the learner
becomes conscious of their conceptions of the world in general,
how they are formed and how they might change them, and ultimately
becomes aware of the effects these changes may have on personal
identity or development of the self. This kind of learning is
not situation-specific and comparatively rare. It implies a
whole-person process where the learner becomes conscious of
a change in who they are. |
Bibliography
Will S. Steps to an Ecology of Mind (1972)
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